![]() This campaign evolved into the Sri Lankan Civil War, which ran from 1983 until 2009, when the LTTE was defeated by the Sri Lankan Military. Founded in May 1976 by Velupillai Prabhakaran, it waged a violent secessionist and nationalist campaign to create an independent state in the north and east of Sri Lanka for Tamil people. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil language: தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள், Tamiḻīḻa viṭutalaip pulikaḷ, commonly known as the LTTE or the Tamil Tigers), was a separatist militant organisation that was based in northern Sri Lanka. ĭonations from expatriate Tamils, extortion, shipping, sales of weapons and taxation under LTTE controlled areas. US$200–300 million prior to the military defeat. Sri Lanka (1976–2009), India, France, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, Australia and Switzerland This case illustrates how actors can considerably undermine the law using strategies of contestation far more subtle than direct confrontation.The creation of the independent state of Tamil Eelam in the north and east of Sri Lanka. With this claim, Sri Lanka absolved itself of any responsibility for the toll inflicted on civilians and sealed its conduct off from the ambit of IHL. At the core of its denialist move, Sri Lanka maintained that while the LTTE was using civilians as human shields, government forces were adhering to a zero civilian casualty approach. Drawing on Clark et al.'s concept of denialism, this article details the nature of Sri Lanka's challenge to the standing of IHL. Though indirect, this challenge was no less significant than had Sri Lanka explicitly rejected those obligations. Rather, it invented a new set of facts about its conduct to sidestep its legal obligations. Significantly, however, the Sri Lankan government did not directly challenge such law or attempt to justify its departure from it. Conventional wisdom suggests that Sri Lanka undermined international humanitarian law (IHL). During the final months of Sri Lanka's 2006–2009 civil war, Sri Lankan armed forces engaged in a disproportionate and indiscriminate shelling campaign against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which culminated in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians. ![]()
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